Which animator patented the use of gray tones on celluloid sheets?

The patent for the use of gray tones on celluloid sheets is attributed to John Bray, who was a pioneer in the animation industry and known for his innovative techniques. He significantly contributed to the development of animation methods in the early 20th century. The use of gray tones allowed for more depth and shading in animated films, enhancing the visual quality and storytelling capabilities of animation at that time. Bray’s work in patenting this technique demonstrates his impact on the evolution of animation, ensuring that animators could create more sophisticated and visually engaging scenes.

Other figures like Otto Messmer, Walt Disney, and Chuck Jones were influential in the animation field, but Bray's specific contribution with this patent set a foundation for the use of tonal variation that would become essential in the art of animation.